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macOS (previously known as OS X or Mac OS X) is Apple's operating system for the Mac line of computers. It's a UNIX platform, based on the Darwin kernel, and behaves largely similar to other UNIX-like platforms. The main difference is that X11 is not used as the windowing system. Instead, macOS uses its own native windowing system that is accessible through the Cocoa API.

To download and install Qt for macOS, follow the instructions on the Getting Started with Qt page.

Supported Versions

When talking about version support on macOS, it's important to distinguish between the build environment; the platform you're building on or with, and the target platforms; the platforms you are building for. The following macOS versions are supported.

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Target PlatformArchitectureBuild Environment
macOS 10.13, 10.14, 10.15x86_64 and x86_64hXcode 11 or 12 (10.15 SDK)

Build Environment

The build environment on macOS is defined entirely by the Xcode version used to build your application. Xcode contains both a toolchain (compiler, linker, and other tools), and a macOS platform-SDK (headers and libraries). Together these define how your application is built.

Note: The version of macOS that you are running Xcode on does not matter. As long as Apple ships a given Xcode version that runs on your operating system, the build environment will be defined by that Xcode version.

Xcode can be downloaded from Apple's developer website (including older versions of Xcode). Once installed, choosing an Xcode installation is done using the xcode-select tool.

You can inspect the globally selected Xcode installation using the same tool.

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The xcrun command can then be used to find a particular tool in the toolchain.

or show the platform SDK path used when building.

Target Platforms

Building for macOS utilizes a technique called weak linking that allows you to build your application against the headers and libraries of the latest platform SDK, while still allowing your application to be deployed to macOS versions lower than the SDK version. When the binary is run on a macOS version lower than the SDK it was built with, Qt will check at runtime whether or not a platform feature is available before utilizing it.

In theory this would allow running your application on every single macOS version released, but for practical (and technical) reasons there is a lower limit to this range, known as the deployment target of your application. If the binary is launched on a macOS version below the deployment target macOS or Qt will give an error message and the application will not run.

Qt expresses the deployment target via the QMAKE_MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET qmake variable, which has a default value set via the makespec for macOS. You should not need to change this default, but if needed you can increase it in your project file:

Note: You should not lower the deployment target beyond the default value set by Qt. Doing so will likely lead to crashes at runtime if the binary is then deployed to a macOS version lower than what Qt expected to run on.

By always building against the latest available platform SDK, you ensure that Qt can take advantage of new features introduced in recent versions of macOS.

For more information about SDK-based development on macOS, see Apple's developer documentation.

Opting out of macOS behavior changes

One caveat to using the latest Xcode version and SDK to build your application is that macOS's system frameworks will sometimes decide whether or not to enable behavior changes based on the SDK you built your application with.

For example, when dark-mode was introduced in macOS 10.14 Mojave, macOS would only treat applications built against the 10.14 SDK as supporting dark-mode, and would leave applications built against earlier SDKs with the default light mode look. This technique allows Apple to ensure that binaries built long before the new SDK and operating system was released will still continue to run without regressions on new macOS releases.

A consequence of this is that if Qt has problems dealing with some of these macOS features (dark-mode, layer-backed views), the only way to opt out of them is building with an earlier SDK (the 10.13 SDK, available through Xcode 9). This is a last-resort solution, and should only be applied if your application has no other ways of working around the problem.

Architectures

By default, Qt is built for x86_64. To build for x86_64h (Haswell). use the QMAKE_APPLE_DEVICE_ARCHSqmake variable. This is selectable at configure time:

QMAKE_APPLE_DEVICE_ARCHS can also be specified as a space-delimited list in order to build for multiple architectures simultaneously:

Additional Command-Line Options

On the command-line, applications can be built using qmake and make. Optionally, qmake can generate project files for Xcode with -spec macx-xcode. If you are using the binary package, qmake generates Xcode projects by default; use -spec macx-gcc to generate makefiles. For example:

Configuring with -spec macx-xcode generates an Xcode project file from project.pro. With qmake you do not have to worry about rules for Qt's preprocessors (moc and uic) since qmake automatically handles them and ensures that everything necessary is linked into your application.

Qt does not entirely interact with the development environment (for example plugins to set a file to 'mocable' from within the Xcode user interface).

The result of the build process is an application bundle, which is a directory structure that contains the actual application executable. The application can be launched by double-clicking it in Finder, or by referring directly to its executable from the command line, for example, myApp.app/Contents/MacOS/myApp.

If you wish to have a command-line tool that does not use the GUI for example, moc, uic or ls, you can tell qmake to disable bundle creation from the CONFIG variable in the project file:

Deploying Applications on macOS

macOS applications are typically deployed as self-contained application bundles. The application bundle contains the application executable as well as dependencies such as the Qt libraries, plugins, translations and other resources you may need. Third party libraries like Qt are normally not installed system-wide; each application provides its own copy.

A common way to distribute applications is to provide a compressed disk image (.dmg file) that the user can mount in Finder. The deployment tool, macdeployqt (available from the macOS installers), can be used to create the self-contained bundles, and optionally also create a .dmg archive. Applications can also be distributed through the Mac App Store. Qt 5 aims to stay within the app store sandbox rules. macdeployqt (bin/macdeployqt) can be used as a starting point for app store deployment.

Note: For selling applications in the macOS App Store, special rules apply. In order to pass validation, the application must verify the existence of a valid receipt before executing any code. Since this is a copy protection mechanism, steps should be taken to avoid common patterns and obfuscate the code that validates the receipt as much as possible. Thus, this cannot be automated by Qt, but requires some platform-specific code written specifically for the application itself. More information can be found in Apple's documentation.

macOS Issues

The page below covers specific issues and recommendations for creating macOS applications.

Where to Go from Here

We invite you to explore the rest of Qt. We prepared overviews to help you decide which APIs to use and our examples demonstrate how to use our API.

  • Qt Overviews - list of topics about application development
  • Examples and Tutorials - code samples and tutorials
  • Qt Reference Pages - a listing of C++ and QML APIs

Qt's vibrant and active community site, http://qt.io houses a wiki, a forum, and additional learning guides and presentations.

© 2020 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

Micro Focus released UFT 14.51 in the last week of Nov 2018. Here is the complete list of new features, integrations and enhanced support for various technologies and browser versions.

UFT Improvement Program

A new checkbox has been added to the setup sequence. During UFT 14.51 installation setup, you can choose to participate in the UFT improvement program and contribute to UFT’s success. This would enable UFT to collect statistics about the features and functionality you use, and send the anonymous data back to Micro Focus.

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This can also be disabled/enabled under Tools > Options > General > Usage Data Collector. Micro Focus guarantees that participation in the program won’t degrade your UFT performance in any way and no personally identifiable info would be collected from you.

Support for test parameters in UFT Test Batch Runner command line tool

Micro Focus considers UFT as one of its solutions for Robotic Process Automation. According to Micro Focus, Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

RPA technology creates digital factories to automate and integrate any repetitive administrative task in order to take the mundane out of work. This solution reduces labor-intensive processes by imitating human effort to complete tasks, thereby boosting the capabilities of companies that perform high-volume transactional processes. Operating non-invasively on the surface (UI layer) without compromising the underlying IT infrastructure, RPA bridges the technology gap between fragmented, semi-structured legacy systems.

Starting from UFT 14.51 Micro Focus has enhanced RPA support by enabling the UFT Test Batch Runner command line tool to support test parameters in commands. Passing test parameters is supported for running single tests only, and not for all tests in a folder.

UFTBatchRunnerCMD.exe -source 'C:usersGUITest1' -parameter 'Parameter1 :UFT;Parameter2:Test'

Docker Support for UFT

This is going to be a game changer. With the introduction to Docker support for UFT, you may not worry about missing UFT dependencies anymore.

  • UFT Docker image for 14.51 and above are available on Docker hub.
  • Web based UFT tests can be run by connecting to StormRunner Functional.
  • Mobile UFT tests can be run by connecting to either StormRunner Functional on the cloud, or an on-premises installation of Mobile Center.
  • UFT’s Docker image will support concurrent UFT license only.

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If you’re new to Docker, this video provides an excellent introduction.

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Automatic Run Result Exports to PDF with HTML export

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In UFT 11.5, HPE introduced the capability to auto export results as PDF. So you could choose either HTML or PDF but not both at the same time. Taking it a step further, in UFT 14.51 you can get run results in PDF in addition to HTML when you select the HTML option. The PDF will be available in the same folder as the generated HTML run results.

Smart Identification Properties in Run Results

If UFT used Smart Identification during run time, the run results would now provide details about which Smart Identification properties were used. You also get a COPY NEW DESCRIPTION button just below the Smart Identification results which enables you to copy the description into the object repository.

Test Object to Repository

A new option Open a Repository has been added to the right click menu of a test object. Now you can right click on any test object in the UFT IDE and it will take you to the respective repository of that object.

Parallel test enhancements

Parallel testing in UFT was introduced in UFT 14.50. Using the ParallelRunner command line tool you could run UFT tests in parallel on mobile devices and web browsers on multiple environments. In UFT 14.51, parallel testing support has been enhanced:

  • UFT’s ParallelRunner tool now supports browsers such as Edge, Headless Chrome, and Safari on remote Mac machines.
  • UFT 14.51 has introduced new utility methods ParallelUtil.StartIsolatedExecution and ParallelUtil.StopIsolatedExecution. The steps surrounded between these methods will run in an isolated mode, protected from interference from other tests running in parallel.

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Miscellaneous Enhancements in UFT 14.51

  • Git version control that was introduced in UFT 12.5 has been extended for creating, switching, and merging branches.
  • UFT Jenkins Plugin support which was introduced in UFT 14.01 has been enhanced to configure failure scenarios for your test runs.
  • If Jenkins is used to trigger multiple tests and one of the tests fail, Jenkins can now load the test results for already completed tests.
  • The JQuery library used in UFT’s Web Extensibility support is now isolated, preventing errors due to conflicting libraries.
  • UFT 14.51 now supports a new Release method to release a mobile device, such as after completing the relevant test steps for that device in a script that tests multiple devices.
  • UFT 14.51 supports BPT enhancements provided in ALM version 12.60 patch 1.
  • A new MCConnectionobject and the MCConnection options object property has been introduced to configure a connection to Mobile Center directly from your automation scripts.
  • A new SAPNWBCTabStrip object has been introduced which would support testing SAP NWBC Desktop TabControl objects using the Belize theme.
  • UFT 14.51 will support the following new technology versions: Angular 6, IBM Personal Communications 13, NWBC Desktop 6.5 PL10, PowerBuilder 2017 R3, QT 4.8.5 and 5.11, Stingray 12.1 and 12.2, TE Rumba 9.2, Web-to-Host 6.9
  • In addition to the browser versions earlier supported, UFT 14.51 will support these new browser versions: Edge support for SAP Fiori 1.44 and 1.52 SAPUI5 1.44 (test runs only), Firefox 62-63, Chrome 69-70

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Further Reading: All About UFT 14.50

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